肢体血管造影术

定义

肢体血管造影术 is a test used to see the arteries in the hands, arms, feet, or legs. 它也被称为外周血管造影.

血管摄影使用 x射线 and a special dye to see the insides of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the 心.

选择的名字

Angiography of the extremity; 周边血管造影术; Lower extremity angiogram; Peripheral angiogram; Arteriography of the extremity; PAD - angiography; Peripheral artery disease - angiography

如何执行测试

This test is done in a hospital or specialized procedure unit. 你将躺在x光台上. You may ask for some medicine to make you sleep and relax (sedative).

• During the test, your blood pressure, 心 rate, and breathing will be checked.
• The health care provider will shave and clean an area, most often in the groin.
• A numbing medicine (anesthetic) is injected into the skin over an artery.
• 将一根针插入动脉.
• A thin plastic tube called a catheter is passed through the needle into the artery. The doctor moves it into the area of the body being studied. The doctor can see live images of the area on a TV-like monitor, and uses them as a guide.
• Dye flows through the catheter and into the arteries.
• 拍摄动脉的x射线图像.

Certain treatments can be done during this procedure. 这些治疗包括:

• 用药物溶解血块
• Opening a partially blocked artery with a balloon
• Placing a small tube called a stent into an artery to help hold it open

After the x射线 or treatments are finished, the catheter is removed. Pressure is applied to the puncture site for 20 to 45 minutes to stop the bleeding. After that time, the area is checked and a tight bandage is applied. The arm or leg where the needle was placed is most often kept straight for another 6 hours after the procedure. You should avoid strenuous activity, such as heavy lifting, for 24 to 48 hours.

如何准备考试

You should not eat or drink anything for 6 to 8 hours before the test.

You may be told to stop taking certain medicines, such as aspirin or other blood thinners for a short while before the test. Never stop taking any medicines unless told to do so by your provider.

Make sure your provider knows about all the medicines you take, including those you bought without a prescription. 这包括草药和补品.

如果你:

• 怀孕
• 对什么药物过敏吗
• 有过吗? 过敏反应 to x-ray contrast material, shellfish, or iodine substances
• 有出血问题吗

考试的感觉如何

x光台又硬又冷. 你可能想要一条毯子或一个枕头. You may feel some stinging when the numbing medicine is injected. You may also feel some pressure as the catheter is moved.

The dye can cause a feeling of warmth and flushing. This is normal and most often goes away in a few seconds.

You may have tenderness and bruising at the site of the catheter insertion after the test. 如果出现以下情况，请立即寻求医疗帮助:

• 肿胀
• 流血不止
• 胳膊或腿的剧烈疼痛

为什么要进行测试

You may need this test if you have symptoms of a 血管狭窄或阻塞 手臂、手、腿或脚.

该检查还可用于诊断:

• 出血
• 肿胀 or inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis)

正常的结果

The x-ray shows normal structures for your age.

异常结果意味着什么

An abnormal result is commonly due to narrowing and 动脉硬化 in the arms or legs from plaque buildup (动脉硬化)在动脉壁.

The x-ray may show a blockage in the vessels caused by:

• 动脉瘤 (abnormal widening or ballooning of part of an artery)
• 血凝块
• 其他动脉疾病

异常结果也可能是由于:

• 血管发炎血管发炎
• 血管损伤
• 血栓闭塞性脉管炎 疾病(方式)
• Takayasu指出疾病

风险

并发症可能包括:

• 对造影剂过敏
• Damage to the blood vessel as the needle and catheter are inserted
• Excessive bleeding or a blood clot where the catheter is inserted, 哪一种可以减少流向腿部的血流量
• 心脏病发作或中风
• Hematoma, a collection of blood at the site of the needle puncture
• Injury to the nerves at the needle puncture site
• 染料对肾脏造成损害
• 被检测血管的损伤
• 手术过程中出现问题导致肢体丧失

有低水平的辐射暴露. However, most experts feel that the risk for most x射线 is low compared with benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks for the x-ray.

参考文献

美国心脏协会网站. 周边血管造影术. www.心.org/en/health-topics/peripheral-artery-disease/diagnosing-pad/peripheral-angiogram. 2021年6月2日更新. 2023年2月2日访问.

Harisinghani MG，陈建伟，Weissleder R. 血管成像. In: Harisinghani MG，陈建伟，Weissleder R, eds. 诊断影像入门. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 8.

Mcquinn CW, Orion KC. 血管内诊断技术. 见:Sidawy AN, Perler BA编. Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 62.

雾人是的. Angiography: principles, techniques and complications. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. 格兰杰 & 艾利森诊断放射学. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Limited; 2021:chap 78.