超声波怀孕

定义

A pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb. It is also used to check the female pelvic organs during pregnancy.

选择的名字

Pregnancy sonogram; Obstetric ultrasonography; Obstetric sonogram; 超声波 - pregnancy; IUGR - ultrasound; Intrauterine growth - ultrasound; Polyhydramnios - ultrasound; Oligohydramnios - ultrasound; Placenta previa - ultrasound; Multiple pregnancy - ultrasound; Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy - ultrasound; Fetal monitoring - ultrasound

如何执行测试

做手术:

• You will lie on your back on an exam table.
• The person performing the test will spread a clear, water-based gel on your belly and pelvis area. A handheld probe will then be moved over the area. The gel helps the probe transmit sound waves.
• These waves bounce off the body structures, 包括发育中的婴儿, to create a picture on the ultrasound machine.

In some cases, a pregnancy ultrasound may be done by 将探针插入阴道. 这在怀孕早期更有可能发生, Many women will have the length of their cervix measured by vaginal ultrasonography around 20 to 24 weeks of pregnancy.

如何准备考试

You will need to have a full bladder to get the best ultrasound image. You may be asked to drink 2 to 3 glasses of liquid an hour before the test. 手术前不要小便.

考试的感觉如何

There may be some discomfort from pressure on the full bladder. The conducting gel may feel slightly cold and wet. 你不会感觉到超声波.

为什么要进行测试

An ultrasound may be done to determine if there is a problem with the pregnancy, 怀孕这么久了, or to take measurements and screen for potential problems.

Talk to your health care provider to determine the most appropriate scanning schedule for you.

A pregnancy ultrasound may be done during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy to:

• 确认正常妊娠
• 确定婴儿的年龄
• Look for problems, such as ectopic pregnancies or the chances for a miscarriage
• 测定婴儿的心率
• Look for multiple pregnancies (such as twins and triplets)
• Identify problems of the 胎盘, uterus, cervix, and ovaries
• Look for findings that might indicate an increased risk for 唐氏综合症

A pregnancy ultrasound may also be done in the second and third trimesters to:

• 确定婴儿的年龄, growth, position, and sometimes sex.
• Identify any problems with how the fetus is developing.
• 寻找双胞胎或三胞胎. Look at the 胎盘, 羊水, and pelvis.

Some centers are now performing a pregnancy ultrasound called a nuchal translucency screening test around 9 to 13 weeks of pregnancy. This test is done to look for signs of 唐氏综合症 or other problems in the developing baby. This test is often combined with blood tests to improve the accuracy of results.

How many ultrasounds you will need depends on whether a previous scan or blood test has detected problems that require follow-up testing.

正常的结果

发育中的婴儿, 胎盘, 羊水, and surrounding structures appear normal for the gestational age.

注意:正常结果可能略有不同. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal ultrasound results may be due to some of the following conditions:

• 出生缺陷
• 异位妊娠
• Poor growth of a baby while in the mother's womb
• 多胎妊娠
• 流产
• Problems with the baby's position in the womb
• Problems with the 胎盘, including 胎盘 previa and 胎盘l abruption
• 羊水太少
• 羊水过多(羊水过多)
• Tumors of pregnancy, including gestational trophoblastic disease
• Other problems with the ovaries, uterus, and remaining pelvic structures

风险

Current ultrasound techniques appear to be safe. 超声波不涉及辐射.

参考文献

理查兹DS. Obstetric ultrasound: imaging, dating, growth, and anomaly. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 9.

韦伯杰，杜高夫. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital disorders. In: Resnik R,  Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 32.

狼RB. 腹部成像. In: Resnik R,  Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Creasy and Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 26.