胸膜 积液
Overview
胸膜 effusion is a buildup of excess fluid between the pleura, layered membranes that line the lungs and chest cavity. 有两种类型的胸腔积液. Transudative effusion occurs when fluid leaks into the pleural space because of increased blood pressure. Exudative effusion occurs when blood or lymph vessels are blocked because inflammation, infection or injury has led to drainage problems or excess fluid production.
Causes of pleural effusion include certain types of 癌症, 比如淋巴瘤, 间皮瘤, 和乳房, 肺癌和卵巢癌. It can also result from a range of other health conditions, 包括心脏病, 心脏衰竭, pulmonary embolism (a blood clot that blocks blood flow to a lung), 肺炎, 肾脏疾病, 肝脏疾病和肺衰竭.
我们处理胸腔积液的方法
UCSF's thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists are skilled and highly experienced in treating both pleural effusion and its underlying causes. 团队合作, they provide leading-edge care for pleural effusion that aims to both remove excess fluid and prevent future buildup. Our experts will also work to diagnose any related health conditions, 比如感染, 癌症或心脏病, and connect you with UCSF specialists who can provide the right care. 之前, 治疗期间和治疗后, our patients can also access support services designed to improve recovery and decrease complications.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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No. 肺病学全国排名第八 & 肺部手术
迹象 & 症状
Some patients with pleural effusion don't experience 症状, and the condition is discovered during a routine physical exam or chest X-ray for another purpose. Others may experience one or more of the following:
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- Pain, tightness or heaviness in the chest
- 干咳
- 发热
诊断
The first step is for your doctor to conduct a physical exam and listen to the air flow in your lungs. The following tests may also be used to diagnose and localize the condition:
- 胸部x光片. These images are often sufficient to reveal the fluid buildup caused by pleural effusion.
- CT扫描. 拍摄图像, a thin X-ray beam rotates around the chest area; then a computer program processes the data to construct a three-dimensional, 横断面图像.
- 超声波. High-frequency sound waves are used to create images of structures inside the body. 超声波 can detect pleural effusion and show its location.
- 胸腔穿刺术. In this procedure, a needle is inserted into the chest cavity to remove fluid. 胸腔穿刺术 can be used to drain excess fluid, which can then be analyzed to help determine the cause of pleural effusion.
- 胸膜活检. This involves removing a tissue sample from the pleura to check for certain diseases and infections that can cause pleural effusion.
治疗
- 流体排水. Removing fluid from the chest cavity can relieve the 症状 of pleural effusion and allow the lungs to inflate more fully. One minimally invasive drainage method is thoracentesis, which involves inserting a needle into the chest cavity to remove the excess fluid. 复发性或严重胸腔积液, your doctor may place a small tube in the chest to address significant fluid buildup. The tube can be used to insert medication that prevents fluid from accumulating or it can be attached to a suction device that removes extra fluid or air.
- 肋膜. This surgical treatment may be used for patients with recurrent pleural effusion due to an underlying condition, 比如癌症. After removing fluid from the chest cavity, doctors administer a medication that causes the lung to stick to the chest wall, 防止未来的液体积聚.
- 治疗基础疾病. Depending on the cause of your pleural effusion, your doctor may recommend additional treatment to prevent a recurrence. 如果你有细菌感染, 这可能涉及抗生素, 口服或静脉注射的. 心力衰竭患者, 癌症, 肝脏疾病, 肾脏疾病 or another underlying condition will receive additional treatments tailored to their needs.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
